Unit price
Start with the quoted unit price, but confirm exactly what it includes.
One-off costs
Tooling, fixtures, programming, NRE, qualification and setup can materially change the economics at low or medium volumes.
Logistics
Packaging, freight, shipment frequency and Incoterms affect the landed purchasing cost.
Working capital
High MOQs and long lead times can increase inventory and cash requirements even when the unit price is lower.
Risk
A cost comparison should also make visible the operational cost of long replenishment times, single-source dependency or uncertain capacity.
